Related Topics: Homeland Security Research

Homeland Security Research Products in the Science Inventory

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Records with

  • Keyword = 'water security' AND 'biological'.
Records 1 to 25 of 229

2024
A call for consistency and integration in global surface water estimates
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jan 16, 2024]
Global shifts in climatic conditions and anthropogenic disturbances are dramatically modifying the Earth’s ecosystem. Ensuring water security, availability, and quality within this context largely depends on how accurately we can map Global Surface Water Extents (GWSE). Map...
2023
Characterizing Bacillus globigii as a Bacillus anthracis surrogate for wastewater treatment studies and bioaerosol emissions
(JOURNAL) [Published : Dec 01, 2023]
This study characterized Bacillus globigii (BG) as a Bacillus anthracis Sterne (BAS) surrogate for wastewater treatment-related studies of UV inactivation, adsorption onto powdered activated carbon (PAC), and bioaerosol emission. The inactivation of BG was faster than that of BAS...
Full-Scale Cybersecurity Build Out Plans and Cost Estimate
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Jul 31, 2023]
The Water Security Test Bed (WSTB) is a full-scale representation of a drinking water distribution pipe that conveys potable water. It is the product of a partnership between Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  Currently, the syste...
Strategies to minimize sediment contamination and transport in distribution systems
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Jul 31, 2023]
Drinking water storage tanks serve several important functions, which include but are not limited to providing an adequate water supply in the case of firefighting emergencies, power outages, water main breaks, or other system failures. The water level elevation in storage tanks ...
2022
Protocol for Collection of Water Samples for Detection of Pathogens and Biothreat Agents
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Sep 30, 2022]
This document describes procedures for collecting and concentrating water samples in a field setting for waterborne pathogen and biothreat agent detection. The methods describe water sampling by concentrating large volumes of water in the field via dead-end ultrafiltration (DEUF)...
2021
Decision tool to support objectives, strategies, and tactics in a radiological mitigation and recovery event
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 05, 2021]
 In all, this presentation will familiarize the audience on the decision support tool’s overall versatility and breadth to which it can support objectives, strategies, and tactics not only for nuclear and radiological releases, but also chemical and biological threat a...
Evaluating Manual Sampling Locations for Regulatory and Emergency Response
(JOURNAL) [Published : Dec 01, 2021]
Drinking water utilities deliver high-quality, potable water to consumers. However, they could be at risk for potential accidental or intentional contamination incidents in the distribution system. Research showed the potential benefit of continuous, online sensors to monitor wat...
Evaluation of Street Sweeper Spray Systems for Effective Decontamination of Fixed and Loose Radioactive Contamination
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 05, 2021]
To this end, this study partnered with a world-wide supplier of street sweepers to mimic the operation of their sweeper at the laboratory scale in order to study its capabilities and evaluate its efficacy against contaminated dust and dissolved forms of radioactive contamination....
Functional resilience of activated sludge exposed to Bacillus globigii and bacteriophage MS2
(JOURNAL) [Published : Aug 17, 2021]
This study evaluated the effect of two biocontaminant surrogates on the activity and performance of activated sludge. In the presence of bacteriophage MS2 at 3.2 × 108 PFU/ml, the peak respiration rates varied between 9.1 and 10.5 mg O2/gVSS/hr, generally similar to the rates obs...
Optimal sampling locations to reduce uncertainty in contamination extent in water distribution systems
(JOURNAL) [Published : Sep 01, 2021]
Drinking water utilities rely on samples collected from the distribution system to provide assurance of water quality. If a water contamination incident is suspected, samples can be used to determine the source and extent of contamination. By determining the extent of contaminati...
Rainfall Washoff of Spores from Concrete and Asphalt Surfaces
(JOURNAL) [Published : Mar 01, 2021]
Understanding the migration path of pollutants is critical to protecting human and environmental welfare, particularly in population-dense settings with a high fraction of impervious materials that contribute to potentially high pollutant wash off. This research measured the rem...
Selecting Readily Available Equipment for Wide Area Response and Recovery. RRLT: an intelligent tool for radiological incidents
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : May 19, 2021]
Through an intelligent software wizard, the RRLT helps the user understand what types of equipment might be available to accomplish general and specific recovery mission activities based on environmental and operational constraints. The purpose of the RRLT is to increase the resi...
Water on Wheels (WOW) Mobile Emergency Water Treatment System Cart
(COMMUNICATION PRODUCT) [Published : Sep 13, 2021]
Most emergency water treatment systems are large and expensive tractor-trailer mounted systems. They can be complicated to operate and maintain (high pressures and concentrated wastes) given their reliance on reverse osmosis water treatment technology. An emergency water treatmen...
2020
Development and Optimization of a Rapid Viability Polymerase Chain Reaction (Rv-Pcr) Protocol for Detection of Yersinia Pestis in Water Samples
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Apr 15, 2020]
This is a final report for the project on Development and Optimization of a Rapid Viability (RV) PCR Protocol for Detection of Yersinia pestis in water. During a plague bioterrorism incident or a natural outbreak, the water system can be contaminated. This pathogen survives for m...
Field Protocols for Collection and Concentration of Water Samples Detection of Pathogens and Bioterrorism Agents
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Aug 27, 2020]
The presentation will describe how the CDC and EPA are working together to improve the response of a potential biothreat agents by providing procedures for collecting and concentrating large volume water samples.
Laboratory results and mathematical modeling of spore surface interactions in storm water runoff
(JOURNAL) [Published : Sep 17, 2020]
Development of numerical models to predict stormwater-mediated transport of pathogenic spores in the environment depends on an understanding of adhesion forces that dictate detachment after rain events. Zeta potential values were measured for Bacillus globgii and Bacillus thuring...
Optimization of a Rapid Viability Polymerase Chain Reaction (RV-PCR) Protocol for Detection of Francisella Tularensis in Water Samples
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Mar 18, 2020]
This is a final report for the project on Optimization of a Rapid Viability (RV) PCR Protocol for Detection of Francisella tularensis in water. During a tularemia bioterrorism incident or a natural outbreak, the water system can be contaminated. This pathogen survives for many da...
Review of Modeling Methodologies for Managing Water Distribution Security
(JOURNAL) [Published : Aug 01, 2020]
Activities for managing the security of water distribution systems assess and manage hazards that threaten water delivery, water quality, and physical and cybernetic infrastructure. This manuscript conducts a review of academic literature to report on the state-of-the-art in mode...
Water-On-Wheels (WOW) Mobile Emergency Water Treatment System Cart - User Manual
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Jun 30, 2020]
Treatment Train: •Up to 10 gallons per minute •Pre-filtration to reduce turbidity and improve disinfection •Two media filtration/adsorption tanks for targeted chemical or radiological contaminant removal (e.g. Granular Activated Carbon or Ion Exchange) •UV LED for additional ...
2019
Decontamination of Bacillus Spores from Drinking Water Infrastructure with Physical Removal (Pigging) and Assessment of Pipe Relining Technologies
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Sep 16, 2019]
The objectives of this project were to evaluate the effectiveness of: (1) a physical scouring (pigging) technology for removing Bacillus globigii spores following intentional contamination of the Water Security Test Bed (WSTB). First responders and decision makers managing a wate...
Design, Testing, and Deployment of a Mobile Emergency Water Treatment System
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Jun 01, 2019]
This mobile treatment technology system in this study is referred to as the Water-On-Wheels (WOW) Cart. The mobile system originally consisted of a pre-filter, an on-site chlorine generator, and a pump attached to a dolly or frame with wheels. The frame also provided space to st...
Development of a Rapid Viability Polymerase Chain Reaction Method for Detection of Yersinia pestis in Water
(JOURNAL) [Published : May 13, 2019]
Due to the occurrence of natural plague outbreaks and its historical usage as a biological weapon, Yersinia pestis is considered one of the high-priority biological threat agents. It can remain viable in certain environments including water for more than 100 days. The Rapid Viabi...
Full-Scale Decontamination of Bacillus Spores from Drinking Water Infrastructure
(SUMMARY) [Published : May 22, 2019]
The drinking water distribution system is vulnerable to contamination, which presents challenges to maintaining good water quality and ensuring water availability. Decontamination of drinking water systems, following an intentional contamination incident or a natural disaster, is...
Future of Water Distribution Modeling and Data Analytics Tools
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Oct 01, 2019]
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for helping communities prepare for and recover from disasters that result in threats to public health and the environment. EPA’s National Homeland Security Research Center’s (NHSRC) mission is to focus on the research...
Quantifying hydraulic and water quality uncertainty to inform sampling of drinking water distribution systems
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jan 01, 2019]
Sampling of drinking water distribution systems is performed to satisfy regulatory requirements but also to respond to customer complaints or emergency situations. Water distribution system modeling techniques can be used to plan and inform sampling strategies; however, a high de...